Musquash - Muskrat

 

  Fort Colvile Journal
March 1831
 
 
March 1.  Tuesday.  Rained throughout the day.  Wind S.  The lean horses we got home are so weak as not to be able to rise without assistance, although we gave them oats and hay etc as much as they can eat.

2nd.  Wednesday.  Snowed all day.  Wind N. 

3rd.  Thursday.  Mild cloudy weather.  Wind S.  As fast as one batch of children, in the fort, recovers from sickness, another falls into it, and one half of the people can only be considered as convalescent, though they endeavour to work a little.

4th.  Friday.  Light snow at intervals during the day.  Wind SW.  Another horse died yesterday on his way from the fool's house, where he was left by the Flat Head men, to the guard.  Fresh venison is now the only trade going on and it is lean and ill tasted mostly run or killed by dogs.

5th.  Saturday.  The snow melted a little by the heat of the sun during the day, but there was no thaw in shaded situations.  There fell during the last night about 3 inches of snow.  Wind W.

6th.  Sunday.  Thawed a little during the day.  Wind S.  The lean horses, continue weak and unable to rise without assistance, though every care is taken of them.

7th.  Monday.  The air keeps cold though by the heat of the sun in situations, exposed to its rays, the snow melts a little,  Wind SW.  Two men thrashing and two plaining boat wood, one laying a flooring in the officers house, and one man arranging a canoe.  A few Indians are laying about the place, from whom we got a little venison occasionally, which is the principal trade we have now a days.

8th.  Tuesday.  Wind and weather as yesterday.  Sent Phillip with four Indians, up the River, to cut fence poles.  The rest of the people employed as yesterday and will continue so during the week. 

9th.  Wednesday.  Clear weather, but the air continues so cold that the snow melts very slowly.  Wind S.  got sixty five bushels of wheat winded.  A Lake Indian arrived with a little meat, a Fisher, a Fox also a Kettle Indian with 18 musquash.

10th.  Thursday.  Wind and weather as yesterday.  Employed six Indians to procure fence poles at the rate of 5 skins per hundred when delivered on the beach.  Traded a little venison and gum from some Kettle Indians.

11th.  Friday.  Clear cold weather.  Wind N.  Got thirty bushels of wheat and sixty of oats winded.  Most of our horses continue so weak as not to be able to rise without assistance.

12th.  Saturday.  Thawed during the day, but the night continue very cold.  Wind SW.  Small spots on the plain begin to get bare, the south sides of the hills have been so for some days past.  Traded the meat of two Chiv: part for ammunition and part for potatoes.  Also some gum for the latter.

15th.  Sunday.  Wind and weather as above.

14th.  Monday.  Thaws in the day time and freezes keenly at night.  Wind S.  Two men turning boat timbers etc two thrashing one getting fence poles and one sick.  The Indians collecting fence poles, returned with some hundreds which are far too slender.

15th.  Tuesday.  No variations in the weather.  Wind NW.  Two Indians arrived from Okinagan.  with letters from Walla Walla and Vancouver.  The men of the place as yesterday.  A good deal of the place is now bare, and our live stock consequently able to procure part of their subsistence themselves.

16th.  Wednesday.  Fine clear weather on the day time but cold at night.  wind NW.  Two men employed plaining boat planks, two thrashing one collecting fence poles, and Jos Lapierre, who was sick, employed in laying a flooring in one of the officers rooms.

17th.  Thursday.  As yesterday.

18th.  Friday.  Weather continues to thaw by the heat of the sun in the day, but at night freezes keenly.  Wind W.  An Indian brought me a letter from Mr. Kittson by which I am informed the severity of the winter prevented the natives from hunting beaver as was expected, and that some hundreds of horses, belonging to the Indians in his quarter, had died from the same cause.

19th.  Saturday.  Wind and weather continues as above.  Phillip with his Indian assistants returned, after collecting 1000 fence poles and 500 pickets.  He would have procured more but from the great depth of snow.  however as Soon as it melts we must collect more.

20th.  Sunday.  Rained during the day, which may be considered the first natural thaw of the season much snow however still lies on the plain, and along the east sides of the hills.  Wind SW.

21st.  Monday.  Cloudy weather.  Wind W.  Two men continue at boat work, two thrashing one mending and covering a small store, and one making two enclosures in the field.

22nd.  Tuesday.  Clear weather.  Wind S.  The people, employed as yesterday.  Traded a few skins from some Kettle Indians also some dried salmon and fresh venison.  Water beginning to run in the mill creek. 

23rd.  Wednesday.  Cold cloudy weather Wind S.  Thaws a little in the day time, but freezes at night.  Two men covering houses with mats.  One mending houses, two at boat work and blacksmith at his trade.  Traded some gum and a few mats from Kettle Indians.  Accounts arrive daily of the Indians having lost immense numbers of their horses in all directions by the severity of the winter.

24th.  Thursday.  Wind and weather as yesterday.  Two men at boat building work, two thrashing.  One mendding houses, and one making chairs.

Commenced grinding wheat in the water mill, but the water failed after a very short run, the flour made is however very fine.

25th.  Friday.  Clear cold weather.  Wind S.  The men employed as yesterday.

26th.  Saturday.  Clear mild weather.  Wind S.  Men employed as above.  Some Indians arrive from the neighbouring camp, but bring little else to trade then gum and mats.  Little snow now remains on the ground, except on the northern sides of the hills, where it is as yet but little wasted, but the mountains are still deeply covered.

27th.  Sunday.  Mild cloudy weather.  Wind SW.  Nights always cold.  Some Lake Indians arrived with some meat, not knowing it to be Sunday.

28th.  Monday.  Rained during the forenoon, foggy in the afternoon.  Froze all last night.  Wind S.  Two men preparing boat wood, two thrashing, one mendding houses and one making chairs.  Sent Rivet's son and one of the horse keepers, with six horses to meet Mr. Kittson. 

29th.  Tuesday.  Snowed during the forenoon which turned into heavy rain.  Two Spokanes arrived, one from the Flat Head post and one from the lower Spokane chutes , neither brought any thing to trade.  The men employed as yesterday, and will continue so during the week.  Traded some gum during the day for potatoes.

30th.  Wednesday.  Snowed all last night, weather during the day cloudy with light now towards dark.  Wind NW.  Two men sawing, two white washing houses, one making chairs, and one preparing boat wood,  Traded a little gum, venison, and a few mats.  Two Spokanes arrived but brought nothing to trade.

31st.  Thursday.  The weather continues cold for the season, but the snow melts gradually by the heat of the sun.  Wind SE.  Two men prepairing boat wood, one thrashing, one whitewashing houses, one doing jobs in the carpenter way, about the premises, and one sick.  The mill wrought a little, but as usual the water failed.  Trade of the month in the fur way very trifling as will be seen below.

  Kettle Indians Lake Indians Okinagans Spokanes
6 large Beaver 3 2   1
1 large bro bear 1      
6 fishers 3 1   2
9 Red Fox 5 1   3
4 Lynx 2     2
4 martins 4      
3 minks 1     2
34 musquash   18   16
1 otter 1      
2 wolves 2      
11 Chiv: skins   2 4 5
1 elk  do 1      
52 mats 52      
482 lb dried salmon 322 136 34  
325 lb venison 175 150